AWS has customers located all over the world over 240 countries and territories. This encourage AWS to expand global infrastructure to provide clients with highly accessible resources and services in low latency. There are three core concepts in AWS global infrastructure, AWS Region, Availability Zone (AZ), Edge Location.
AWS Region
AWS Region is a physical location around the world where AWS cluster data centres. Each group of logical data centres are named an Availability Zone. Each Region consists minimum of three, isolated, and physically separated AZs. AWS maintains multiple geographic Regions, including Regions in North America, South America, Europe, China, Asia Pacific and more.
Availability Zone (AZ)
An AZ is one or more discrete data centres with independent power, cooling, and physical security and AZs in an AWS Region are connected via redundant, ultra-low-latency networks. The network performance is sufficient to accomplish synchronous replication between AZs. AWS customer focused on high availability can design their applications to run in multiple AZs to achieve greater fault-tolerance.
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Reference* - Udemy Ultimate AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner CLF-C02