AWS CLI is an alternative to using the AWS Management Console (AWS web application), it is a tool that enables you to interact with AWS services using command in your command line shell. It is an interface that provides direct access to the public APIs of AWS services and you will be able to develop scrips to manage your AWS resources and automate cloud tasks. You can download the AWS CLI from the official website.
Access key
Different from logging into the AWS Management Console which is protected by password and Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA), you access the AWS CLI using the access key. The access key does not come with the account, you have to create one from the AWS Management Console; once the access key is created, you will obtain an access key and a corresponding secrete key.
You can configure your CLI for making API calls using the aws configure command. You will then be prompted to enter account information including your access key.
AWS cloud shell
Instead of running a local CLI, AWS also offers a cloud shell in the AWS Management Console. The cloud shell has the default region which is where your AWS Management Console currently logged in. The cloud shell provides a full repository for you, which is, whatever file you created in the cloud shell environment will persist and stay unless deleted by human. You also been granted the ability to upload and download files to and from the cloud shell environment.
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Reference - Udemy AWS Cloud Shell